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How compound growth works

Updated October 27, 2026 · 5 min read

Compound growth means your returns start earning returns of their own. Early on the effect is small. Given enough years, it does most of the work.

Key points

  • $300 a month for 30 years at 7% grows to about $350,800, from $108,000 of your own money.
  • At 7% a year, money doubles roughly every 10 years.
  • Starting at 25 instead of 35 roughly doubles the result with the same $300 a month.

Simple versus compound

Put $10,000 somewhere that earns 7% a year. With simple growth you would earn $700 every year, forever, and have $31,000 after 30 years. With compound growth, each year's 7% is figured on the new, larger balance. After 30 years you would have about $76,100.

Stock funds don't pay a fixed 7%, and some years they fall. But when you reinvest dividends and leave gains alone, the same compounding applies to whatever the market returns over time. The S&P 500 has returned about 10.5% a year with dividends reinvested since 1926. Many planners use a more cautious 7% for long-range estimates.

Monthly saving compounds too

Most people invest a little at a time. Here is $300 a month at a steady 7% a year:

YearsYou put inBalanceGrowth
10$36,000$51,300$15,300
20$72,000$152,300$80,300
30$108,000$350,800$242,800
40$144,000$741,500$597,500

In the first ten years, growth adds less than half of what you put in. By year 40, growth is more than four times your contributions. That bend in the curve is compounding.

The rule of 72

Divide 72 by the yearly return to estimate how many years it takes to double your money. At 7%, that's about 10 years. At 10%, about 7 years. At 4%, about 18 years. It's a shortcut, but a close one.

Why starting early beats saving more later

Two people each invest $300 a month at 7% until 65. One starts at 25, the other at 35. The early starter ends with about $741,500. The late starter ends with about $350,800. To catch up, the late starter would need to invest about $630 a month, more than twice as much, because the early starter's first decade had 30 extra years to compound.

What slows compounding down

Sources

For education only, not financial, tax or legal advice. Rules and limits change; check the sources and talk with a licensed professional about your own situation.